The History of Leotards in Gymnastics (2024)

When we think of gymnastics, the first image that comes into mind is the graceful athletes executing their powerful and diligent routines. Their movements are accentuated by the sleek garment displaying their strong physiques. This garment is known as the leotard. This piece of clothing is synonymous with the sport of gymnastics acting as a liaison between the strength of the gymnast as well as a way to express their personality. But that is not how they started! Let's dive (or should I say, dive roll) into the captivating journey that has made the leotard an integral part of gymnastics culture.

The Birth of the Leotard

Many inventions are named after the person, right? The Ferris wheel was named after George W. G. Ferris in 1893; the mason jar named after John Landis Mason in 1858; the jacuzzi named after Candido Jacuzzi in the 1940s.

The leotard is no exception! Jules Léotard; a French acrobat in the 1860s, had enough of the restrictive suit when performing his trapeze routines to the point that he had to make something better on his own. He wanted something that would not obstruct movement, be aerodynamic, and highlight his own strong physique. Inspired by aerial circus performers, the one-piece suit was made, forever revolutionizing gymnastics apparel. Although first referred to as a "maillot", Jules Léotard finally had his design coined after him many years after his death in 1870.

Embracing the Leotard

Léotard originally intended for his design to be only worn by men since gymnastics was a primarily male-dominated sport in the beginning. However, as women's participation in the sport grew, the need for their own leotard grew as well. The practicality made the suit more popular among female gymnasts. Its form-fitting design also encouraged femininity for women to embrace their bodies while performing. The first leotards looked quite different than one might expect. Here is a photo of Italy's women's Artistic Gymnastics team in the 1928 Olympic Games held in Amsterdam (the first appearance of women gymnasts in the Olympics).

These first leotards were relatively modest, covering the torso, arms, and sometimes the full length of the legs! They were usually made of wool or cotton, offering little flexibility and comfort, not quite the most suitable piece of clothing to compete in. But it was good start!

Designing the Leotard

As gymnastics skills evolved, so did the leotards. The range of motion and flexibility required in the higher degree of difficulty skills demanded a shift into lighter and stretchier materials. Spandex and Lycra, both synthetic fibers known for their elasticity, changed the game.

The simple and functional style on the leo soon changed to colorful patterns and embellishments designs, allowing gymnasts to showcase their personalities and individual styles on the events. National flags, team logos, and intricate designs adorned the once humble garment, transforming it into a canvas for creativity and expression.

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Notably, the 1970s and 1980s witnessed a surge in creative leotard designs as gymnastics gained popularity worldwide, and televised competitions captured the attention of millions. Leotards became iconic representations of different gymnastics eras, with designs reflecting the fashion trends of the time.

Credit: Nino Leto/Mondadori Portfolio/Getty

Upgrading the Leotard

The most important change to the leotard construction was in the technology behind the fabric to optimize performance. Advanced materials were developed, offering better breathability, moisture-wicking properties, and flexibility, allowing gymnasts to move with ease and comfort.

Further design ideas were added by incorporating rhinestones and sequins as embellishments both to highlight the athletes' physiques as well as express the individuality of the athletes on the competition floor. Rumor has it that some leotards nowadays are valued at over $1,000 at full retail because of all the rhinestones! (?!)

Conclusion

Going down the history of leotards in gymnastics doesn't only highlight the trends in fashion over the years but it displays the development of the sport itself. Starting from its humble beginnings of simple skills with simple garments for practical mobility to sticking "The Biles" (double back layout with a half twist) on the floor with a colorful, gradient pattern leotard. We can be sure the leotard will continue to remain an iconic element of the sport!

Click the left/right arrows to watch how the leotard developed throughout the years!